southernocean.ai

#Southern Ocean AI | Artificial Intelligence for Southern Ocean

#Southern ocean | Encircles Antarctica | Waters south of 60° S latitude | Covers ca. 21.96 million square kilometers | The fourth largest ocean basin | Antarctic Circumpolar Current (AAC) flows through it | ACC significantly influences global ocean circulation by connecting Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans | Average depth of approximately 3,270 meters (10,728 feet) | Maximum depth of 7,434 meters (24,390 feet) at Factorian Deep

#Supergyre

#Super ocean current

#Ocean circulation

#Connecting main ocean basins of Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Ocean

#Antarctic Circumpolar Current

#Marine biodiversity

#Isolating Antarctic fauna

#Weddell gyre

#Ross gyre

#Gyre distributes heat between equator and poles

#Gyre playspart in upwelling of deep, cold ocean waters to surface

#Southern Ocean is shaped like ring and not bounded by land

#Weddell and Ross gyres are part of aomplex global ocean circulation

#Machine learning algorithm

#Seamount

#Identifying icebergs

#Iceberg calving

#Tracking icebergs throughout their lifecycle until their demise

#Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)

#Microwave signal transmitted from space

#Intensity of reflected radiation measured

#Crystalline structure of ice and snow on iceberg surface show up as strong, bright signals in satellite images

#Images collected day or night and through cloud cover

#AI algorithms performed on different satellite images taken over12-month period

#Amundsen Sea Embayment

#Thwaites Glacier

#West Antarctic Ice Sheet

#Calving of icebergs from ice sheet into Southern Ocean

#Increasing levels of calving signal increasing contribution to sea level rise

#AI approach to identify changes in numbers, size and pathways of icebergs as consequences of climate change

#Digital Twins

#Automated underwater vehicles

#Polar science

#Artificial intelligence (AI) combined with physical oceanography

#More acidic water from deep sea rising to surface

#Sea snails susceptible to aciditation

#Shells are made of aragonite

#Ross Sea

#Digital Twin of Southern Ocean

#Cryosphere

#Vulnerable Marine Ecosystem (VME) | One nautical mile in radius | Hub of biodiversity | Made up of organisms especially vulnerable to bottom-fishing gear | Refuge for life forms stressed by rapidly warming ocean